海藻/昆布粗多糖的经口亚急性毒性及影响肝药酶特性的研究

本研究从海藻/昆布药对临床应用的角度出发,以海藻/昆布药对的粗多糖组分为研究对象,探讨了药对粗多糖对大鼠的经口亚急性毒性以及对肝药酶活性的影响。通过试验设计,以雌雄各半SD大鼠连续经口给药2周不同剂量的药对粗多糖,记录给药期间大鼠生理状态和行为变化,末次给药后收集心、肝、脾、肺、肾等脏器做HE染色切片,光镜下观察组织病理学变化,并以探针底物体外温孵法测定给药后大鼠肝药酶活性变化。结果发现,给药后低剂量处理组[10.8 g/(kg·d)]和高剂量处理组[86.4 g/(kg·d)]大鼠的生理体征及脏器系数未见显著异常。在显微结构下,低剂量组各脏器形态基本正常,而高剂量组肝组织出现水肿、脂肪变及肝窦扩张,肺脏组织出现间质性炎症及气肿。低剂量组大鼠肝药酶活性未见异常,高剂量组肝药酶CYP3A4活性被显著诱导。由此推测,海藻/昆布粗多糖具有潜在细胞毒性,大剂量下可致肝、肺组织毒性损伤,并可能通过诱导肝药酶CYP3A4发生药物与药物的相互作用,最终影响药物的药效或产生不良反应等。     

Growth of the hatchery-produced juveniles of commercial sea cucumber Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera Theel

The present study was conducted to develop the hatchery technology for seed production of the widely exploited commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel 1886, to facilitate an effective stock enhancement programme. Broodstock collected by skin divers were used for spawning trials. The embryonic and larval stages were similar to other aspidochirotes. The larval survival rate was 43.5% on day 9, which decreased to 18.3% nearing metamorphosis on day 13, the growth rate was 48 μm day⁻¹ and the settlement rate was 3.5%. Algamac^® used to induce settlement also served as the food source for the early settled juveniles, followed by Sargassum spp. extract (<40 μm) for the first month. Sargassum spp. powder along with fine sand (1:1) was given to juveniles >20 mm. Addition of Spirulina spp. along with Sargassum spp. powder and fine sand (0.5:1:2) enhanced the growth rate of the juveniles. In the hatchery, the juveniles attained an average size of 1, 30 and 48 on 20, 80 and 120 days respectively.     

羊栖菜多糖对高血脂模型大鼠血脂的影响

以实验性高血脂模型大鼠为实验对象，设置３个羊栖菜多糖（ＳＦＰＳ）剂量组（０．３、０．６、１．２ｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ）和阳性，空白对照组，观察其调血脂效果。结果表明，羊栖菜多糖各剂量组均具有显著抑制高脂模型大鼠血中总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）的增长，降低其含量，升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）含量的作用。３个剂量组均好于调血脂药物肌醇烟酸酯阳性对照组；与空白对照组     

Seasonal changes in biomass of macrophytes stranded on Yoro Beach along a sargassacean forest in Wakasa Bay,Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   Macrophytes stranded on a beach provide food and habitat for many kinds of animals and play important roles in coastal ecosystems. Macrophytes stranded on a sampling beach (56 m long) along a sargassacean forest (400 m long and 88 m wide) were collected every 10 days from late April 2003 to late May 2004. The weight of macrophytes stranded per meter of beach amounted to 1733 g dry wt/m per year. Sargassacean plants were dominant and constituted 72.9% (1263 g dry wt/m per year) of whole stranded macrophytes. Large numbers of macrophytes were stranded just after heavy winter storms and the maximum weight of stranded macrophytes in winter was 407 g dry wt/m. Stranded macrophytes also increased in May to July; the deterioration period of sargassacean species in this region, and the maximum weight in this period was 233 g dry wt/m. The number of sargassacean plants stranded with holdfast increased only in winter. These results suggest that winter storms have an important role in stranding sargassacean plants at Yoro Beach.     

铜藻多糖水提法工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究铜藻多糖的水提法提取工艺,并研究其抗氧化活性。[方法]采用水提法提取铜藻多糖,研究提取时间、提取温度和料液比等因素对多糖提取率的影响,以多糖得率为指标,通过正交试验优化最佳提取工艺;并对铜藻多糖的1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2)的清除能力及抗脂质过氧化能力进行研究。[结果]该多糖水提法提取的最优条件为料液比1∶20g/ml、时间3 h、温度60℃,在此条件下,铜藻多糖的提取率为4.9%;铜藻多糖抗氧化活性随着浓度增加而增强,其超氧阴离子(O-2)和DPPH自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力分别为48.1%、38.8%、34.2%。[结论]该研究优化了铜藻多糖的提取工艺,提取的活性多糖具有一定抗氧化活性,试验优化的工艺稳定可行,为铜藻多糖的后续研究和开发提供依据。     

马尾藻提取物的制备工艺研究

[目的]研究优化从马尾藻中提取马尾藻粉的工艺。[方法]以马尾藻为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验选择合适的酶制剂、脱色树脂,降解马尾藻中各类大分子物质,提高水溶性成分含量,然后对终产品中的有效成分进行分析和含量测定。[结果]试验表明,复合酶(纤维素酶28.57%、果胶酶42.86%、木瓜蛋白酶28.57%)添加量为5‰,在pH 5.0,50℃下酶解4.0 h,此时酶解液中多糖含量达到23.38%,且通过对6种大孔树脂的脱色试验,选择大孔树脂AB-8为生产用脱色剂,产品脱色效果好,气味愉悦,多糖含量稳定在20%以上。[结论]制成的马尾藻粉不仅改善原海藻的不愉悦气味,同时能做到完全水溶,可结合先进食品加工技术,应用到各类营养保健食品中。     

Dietary Supplementation of Brown Seaweed and/or Nucleotides Improved Shrimp Performance,Health Status and Cold-Tolerant Gene Expression of Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp during the Winter Season

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Sargassum polycystum and nucleotides- supplemented diets to improve immune response and cold-tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four treatments were evaluated: T1, the control, shrimp received only a basal diet; T2, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides; T3, a basal diet with 500 ppm S. polycystum powdered; T4, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides and 500 ppm S. polycystum powdered. Shrimp were fed experimental diets for 56 days. Results revealed shrimp fed T4 diet exhibited the best significant improvement in water quality, survival, growth, and feed utilization indices followed by T2, and T3, while T1 showed the worst values. Additionally, nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis (%), lysozyme, phenoloxidase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total nitric oxide) were improved with 1.7–3.2-fold in T4 higher than T1. Histomorphology of hepatopancreas in T4 showed the most increased activation of the hepatic glandular duct system compared with the other treatments. Moreover, nucleotides/seaweed-supplemented diets upregulated relative expression of cMnSOD, Penaeidin4, and heat shock protein70 (HSP70) genes, while translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was downregulated. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of both S. polycystum and nucleotides have many advantages as a growth promoter, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and cold-tolerant stimulant to L. vannamei.     

Nutritional and Chemical Composition and Antiviral Activity of Cultivated Seaweed Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu

Sargassum naozhouense is a brown seaweed used in folk medicine and applied for thousands of years in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, China. This study is the first time to investigate its chemical composition and antiviral activity. On the dry weight basis, this seaweed was constituted of ca. 35.18% ash, 11.20% protein, 1.06% lipid and 47.73% total carbohydrate, and the main carbohydrate was water-soluble polysaccharide. The protein analysis indicated the presence of essential amino acids, which accounted for 36.35% of the protein. The most abundant fatty acids were C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 and C20:4. The ash fraction analysis indicated that essential minerals and trace elements, such as Fe, Zn and Cu, were present in the seaweed. IR analysis revealed that polysaccharides from cultivated S. naozhouense may be alginates and fucoidan. The polysaccharides possessed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 in vitro with EC₅₀ of 8.92 μg/mL. These results demonstrated cultivated S. naozhouense has a potential for its use in functional foods and antiviral new drugs.